DO BLACK HOLES HAVE NO HAIR? Stephen Hawking Lectures (Part-3)

 

Although you wouldn't notice anything particular as you fell into a black hole, someone watching you from a distance would never see you cross the event horizon. Instead, you would appear to slow down, and hover just outside. Your image would get dimmer and dimmer, and redder and redder, until you were effectively lost from sight. As far as the outside world is concerned, you would be lost for ever.

          A dramatic advance in our understanding of these mysterious phenomena came with a mathematical discovery in 1970. This was that the surface area of the event horizon, the boundary zone around a black hole, has the property that it always increases when additional matter or radiation falls into the black hole. This property suggests that there is a resemblance between the area of the event horizon of a black hole, and conventional Newtonian physics, specifically the concept of entropy in thermodynamics. Entropy can be regarded as a measure of the disorder of a system, or equivalently, as a lack of knowledge of its precise state. The famous Second Law of Thermodynamics says that entropy always increases with time. The 1970 discovery was the first hint of this crucial connection.

                                                                                                                                    Although the existence of a connection between entropy and the area of the event horizon was clear, it was not obvious to us how area could be identified as the entropy of a black hole itself. What would be meant by entropy of a black hole? The crucial suggestion was made in 1972 by Jacob Bekenstein, a graduate student at Princeton University who was later worked at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. It goes like this. When a black hole is created by gravitational collapse, it rapidly settles down to a stationary state, which is characterize by only three parameters: the mass, the angular momentum (state of rotation) and the electric charge. Apart from these three properties, the black holes preserves no other details of the object that has collapsed.

                       This theorem has implication for information, in the cosmologist's sense of information: the idea that every particle and every force in the universe has an implicit answer to yes-no question.

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